The courts
appellate jurisdiction
The power to review a lower court's decision rather than hear a case fresh. Congress sets its shape for the federal courts, including the Supreme Court's.
In full
An appellate court takes the record as it is: no new witnesses, no new evidence, only argument about whether the law was correctly applied. Article III makes the Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction subject to such exceptions and regulations as Congress shall make, a power Congress has used sparingly but which remains a live constitutional lever.
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A plain-language explanation for civic education, not legal advice. When in doubt, the official source named above controls.