The executive branch
interim final rule
A rule that takes effect immediately, with comments collected afterward. Allowed only when an agency shows good cause that ordinary notice and comment is impracticable.
In full
The APA lets agencies skip advance comment for good cause, most defensibly in an emergency or where a statute leaves no discretion. The rule binds right away and the agency promises to consider comments and revise. Courts scrutinize the good-cause claim, because the exception can swallow the participation right the statute exists to protect.
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A plain-language explanation for civic education, not legal advice. When in doubt, the official source named above controls.