The courts
standing
The requirement that a plaintiff show a concrete, particularized injury, caused by the defendant, that a court can redress. No injury, no case.
In full
Article III limits federal courts to 'Cases' and 'Controversies', which the Supreme Court reads to require standing: injury in fact, causation, and redressability. It is why courts refuse to answer abstract or political grievances, and why many challenges to government action fail at the threshold without any ruling on the merits.
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A plain-language explanation for civic education, not legal advice. When in doubt, the official source named above controls.