The Constitution
Speech or Debate Clause
Members of Congress cannot be questioned in any other place for anything said or done in the legislative process. Legislative immunity, not personal immunity.
In full
The clause protects the legislative act itself: voting, speaking on the floor, committee work, and preparing reports. It does not shield bribery, constituent casework, press releases, or conduct outside the legislative sphere. Its purpose is to keep the executive and the courts from using prosecution or litigation to punish legislative positions.
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A plain-language explanation for civic education, not legal advice. When in doubt, the official source named above controls.