The courts
mootness
A case becomes moot when there is no longer a live dispute to decide, so a court can no longer hear it. Courts dismiss moot cases rather than issue advisory opinions.
In full
If the challenged law is repealed, the prisoner released, or the plaintiff given what they asked for, the controversy ends. There are exceptions: a wrong capable of repetition yet evading review, such as an election deadline or a pregnancy-length dispute, may still be decided, and a defendant cannot moot a case merely by voluntarily stopping and reserving the right to resume.
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A plain-language explanation for civic education, not legal advice. When in doubt, the official source named above controls.